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Grendel raids the hall, snatching men and eating them, then returns to his home in the marsh. Beowulf is the character who demonstrated loyalty at every step of his journey. Knowing my great strength, my people urged me to come to your aid. beowulf childhood friend. As a symbol of his power and prosperity he builds a magnificent mead-hall, called Heorot, in which he and his loyal warriors can feast, drink, boast, and listen to the tales of the scops, the Anglo-Saxon bards. The hero is valiant, strong, noble, and mighty, a legend in his own time and loyal to his leader Hygelac. A Danish guard saw them from the cliff as they came ashore with their shields and weapons. The generous king then gave the young warrior his golden neck-piece, his helmet, his ring, and his coat of chainmail, then told him to enjoy them well. In the mead-hall a bench was made ready for the Geats. Now I have come to cleanse Heorot of the evil that has come upon it. He saw Grendel's body. The wound that the dragon had given Beowulf began to burn and swell. The fiery dragon attacked a third time, seizing Beowulf by the neck with his sharp teeth. To defend ourselves against whales we swam carrying naked swords in our hands. The guards, as they had often done before, cleared the benches and covered them with bedding and pillows. ", Wulfgar (that was the herald's name) quickly went to Hrothgar, now old and white-haired. They steered the ship into deep water, then hoisted a cloth sail. Return to D. L. Ashliman's folktexts, a library of folktales, folklore, fairy tales, and mythology. The hero's blood flowed forth in streams. The lord of the Geats swung his shield against the awful foe, then struck at him with his ancestral sword, but to no avail. He ruled wisely for fifty winters, and then a reign of terror visited the land of the Geats. I have sought no quarrels and have sworn no false oaths. He was a king blameless in every way until old age robbed him of his strength. Then Beowulf, taking no thought for his own life, put on his armor of chainmail and his helmet, fitted with boar figures so that no sword could bite it. The troop sat down. The assembled warriors rejoiced, Geats and Danes alike. Scyld died at the fated time. Hygelac is eventually killed by the Swedes; his son Heardred, though young, takes the throne with Beowulf's support. Twelve warriors, sons of princes, rode about the mound, praising their hero's courage and his mighty deeds. Then Beowulf, son of Ecgtheow, spoke, recounting the details of his battle with Grendel. There is another celebration in Heorot with more gifts and promises of friendship. to … Heroism is the glorification of the warrior hero and of the heroic code of conduct. Seeing the treasure, Beowulf spoke: "I give thanks that I was able to gain these precious things for my people before I died. The blood-thirsty monster who had lived there for a hundred seasons [fifty years] soon discovered his presence, and she seized the warrior with her horrid claws. Henceforth you shall all be deprived of the landowners' privileges formerly bestowed upon you.". His soul departed to seek the reward of the righteous. "Receive this collar with joy, and prosper well, dear Beowulf," said Wealhtheow. Never before have I seen such a band of strangers in such a courageous mood. Beowulf tells also how he repaid Hygelac's gifts of treasure and land with loyal service, not only leading Hygelac's warriors into battle, but also killing the Frankish king who killed Hygelac in battle. You must now defend your life with all your might. The theme of the heroic code of chivalry is the leading theme of Beowulf. Hrothgar gives a second feast to celebrate Beowulf's victory. Who is your brave leader, and what is his lineage?". After my body has been burned have the warriors build a memorial mound for me on a coastal promontory. The ship groaned, and the wind drove them across the waters, always on course, until at last they saw the familiar headlands and cliffs of their homeland. I am a member of the coastguard, charged with protecting the Danish land. Doomed to death, one of the revelers laid himself down to rest with his comrades. Themes in Beowulf Theme #1. Seeing the troubled waves mingled with blood, they feared that the sea-wolf had torn Beowulf to pieces. Beowulf shows loyalty to … The sea-fish grew angry, but my shirt of chainmail protected me. She grabs Aeschere, a favorite warrior and adviser of Hrothgar's, and consumes him, then returns home. Suddenly they came upon a mere, overhung with a cheerless wood. In his youth, he personifies all of the best values of the heroic culture. Nor was anyone safe in Heorot, where he attacked at will. At Hygelac's death Beowulf became king. The honorable behavior and manners have dominated the Anglo-Saxon culture. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Beowulf had won the dragon's hoard, but he had paid for his share of this wealth with his life. The coastguardsman pointed the way to Heorot, then returned to his post. Thus they returned the treasure to the earth, where it still remains, as useless to men now as it was in times of old. Throwing the famous sword to the ground, he again trusted in his strength. As I have heard, very few men in the world had ever withstood the venomous blasts from such a foe. The present work is a modest effort to reproduce approximately, in modern measures, the venerable epic, Beowulf. That night, Grendel's mother comes to the hall from her home in the bottom of a lake, seeking revenge for the death of her son. "You are now the last of our kin," he said to Wiglaf. Loyalty in Bewulf by: Eve Edwards (see image 1) Who is Beowulf? Hrothgar spoke: "I knew Beowulf when he was a child. beowulfs father. Heaven swallowed the smoke. When evening fell Hrothgar returned to his lodgings. And there, to their disgust and dismay, they discovered Æschere's head. Below, the mere's waters seethed with blood and gore. Download a free audio book for yourself today! Then the aged king, unable to contain his grief at Beowulf's parting, gave the hero additional treasures. Beowulf recovered somewhat, and drawing his short sword he cut the serpent in two. Beowulf poem is mainly composed with the theme of loyalty, since Beowulf remains loyal to his position, and also other characters throughout the story represent loyalty. they are loyal and faithful, staying because they cannot believe they will never see him again ... Beowulf gives him his golden necklace, his golden helmet, his ring and mail shirt because Wiglaf will now be king. He addressed Beowulf: "Once again help rests with you alone. He attacked the mighty mere-woman, the she-wolf of the deep, with his sword, but he found that he could not wound her with it. Unferth, too, was present, but he made no more boastful speeches, now having seen the monster's dismembered hand with its steel-like claws. She sat on him and stabbed at him with her dagger, but again his coat of chainmail protected him. Beowulf. They have requested to speak with you.". I have destroyed a race of giants and have slain sea-beasts by night. These dates, based on internal contextual and linguistic evidence, are not universally accepted by scholars. The serpent plucked up his courage and renewed his attack. Grendel arrives and consumes one of the warriors, then reaches for Beowulf. Beowulf was not there, for he had been given another lodging place. warrior protects his king even for his own life. These were the old king's final words. I have paid for this treasure hoard with my aged life. No one on earth knows who received that ship's cargo. Not long afterward the cowards who had fled into the woods returned. The Danes' affliction was now at an end. The later date is based on the premise that the Viking raids on England beginning with the sacking of the monasteries at Lindisfarne and Jarrow in the 790s made it unlikely that following these and subsequent attacks an English poet would create a work praising the virtues of Danes or other Northmen. They have seen me return from battle stained with the blood of my foes. Struggling with distance learning? The next morning Beowulf announced his desire to return to his own homeland. But soon after Heorot is finished, the mirth of the men and the music of the scop anger Grendel, a monster descended from Cain. A bard sang with a clear voice. king of the danes & father figure to beowulf. Beowulf approached Hrothgar, then spoke: "Hail to thee, Hrothgar! Hrothgar answered: "Because of you there will always be peace between our people, the Geats and the Danes. The lord of the Geats had made good his earlier boast. Beowulf, famous for his powerful grip, which is as strong as the grip of thirty men, struggles with Grendel, tearing off the monster's shoulder and arm. The grip of his hand is said to have the strength of thirty men. Wiglaf is able to help Beowulf kill the dragon, but Beowulf died from the wound. He seized Grendel's mother by the shoulder and threw her to the floor. Suddenly light filled the place, and the victorious warrior looked about. Discovering the treasure by chance, the thief took a golden cup, hoping to pacify his master with it. The protagonist of the epic, Beowulf is a Geatish hero who fights the monster Grendel, Grendel’s mother, and a fire-breathing dragon. Bid him and … Beowulf and his men return to the land of the Geats, where his uncle the king, Hygelac, and Hygelac's queen Hygd, greet Beowulf, accepting the treasure Beowulf gives them, and in turn rewarding Beowulf with a sword, praise, and land. Beowulf’s boasts and encounters reveal him to be the strongest, ablest warrior around. This was to be no pleasant journey for Beowulf: he was now doomed to leave this earth forever against his will, the fate of all men. From the treasure hoard in the cave Beowulf seizes a sword forged long ago by giants and kills Grendel's mother. Through success in battle he has become rich and mighty. You must now fulfill the needs of the people with it. In all this I can take joy, although I now suffer from fatal wounds.". Together the two noble kinsmen destroyed him, but this was the king's last hour of victory, his final worldly deed. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Before long the two fighters confronted one another again. They said that he was a mighty king, the mildest and kindest of men, most kind to his people, and most desirous of praise. As I have heard, Beowulf's hand was so strong, that no sword could withstand his full strength. He swam to the surface, and his valiant thanes rejoiced in seeing him safe and sound. Beowulf further asked Wiglaf to seek out the dragon's treasure and describe it to him, thus giving him comfort knowing about this part of the legacy he was leaving to his country. Awakened, the warriors in the hall sounded the alarm. A warrior asked the heroes about their lineage: "Where have you come from, with your shields, war-shirts, visored helmets, and spears. The values of rewards and loyalty in Aglo-Saxon culture are portrayed through the relationship between Hrothgar and Beowulf, and Beowulf and Wiglaf. If I fail, have no concern about my burial; Grendel will devour my corpse. Beowulf then had the arms and treasures brought forth, and he told the story behind each heirloom. Beowulf’s sword breaks when he tries to kill the dragon, and the dragon wounds Beowulf with a bite to the neck. You are welcome here. Beowulf is my name. Quality in Harlequin, Mantle & Merle. Loyalty is expresses in multiple ways, but certain actions can lead to unfaithfulness. a retainer of beowulf who helps him in the fight against the dragon. Now I will tell the truth of what happened. And he is on the alert for wrongs to be righted. king hrothgar. Why is the poem still so relevant today? Night after night Grendel haunted the misty moors, pursuing his victims. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class.”, Easy-to-use guides to literature, poetry, literary terms, and more, Super-helpful explanations and citation info for over 30,000 important quotes, Unrestricted access to all 50,000+ pages of our website and mobile app. The boar-images glistened above the cheek-guards on their helmets. Seafarers will call it Beowulf's Mound.". breca. That night, the warriors sleep in Heorot, with Beowulf keeping watch. Grendel is a ferocious man-eating beast, and Beowulf takes him down. They returned to Heorot, bearing Grendel's head upon a spear. They looked upon Wiglaf who was trying to revive his lord with water, but to no avail. (including. He was not a willful thief, but rather a runaway slave who had escaped a cruel master. He sees Grendel's body, and removes the head, and takes it and the hilt of the giant's sword (the blade melted on contact with the monster's blood) back to Hrothgar. A skilled mariner pointed out the landmarks to them. The evil beast's breath emerged from the rocks. A Geatish woman sang a sad lament for Beowulf, expressing fear of evil days ahead. Then his kinsmen let the sea bear him away. So fierce was the blow that it shattered the blade. Then one day a thief broke into the dragon's hoard and stole a golden cup. With Wiglaf's help Beowulf kills the dragon, but not before he himself is terribly wounded. They sounded the battle horn, and the creatures sped away, but not before Beowulf killed one of them with his bow and arrow. The celebration then continued with food and wine. Beowulf had a ship outfitted for the journey, then chose fifteen warriors to accompany him. Before he dies, Beowulf tells Wiglaf to rule after him, and to build him a funeral barrow that overlooks the sea. There are many important aspects to the story, including the 8th century Germanic culture that is the historical setting and hubris, his tragic flaw. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!”, “This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. They went ashore and secured their ship. I will reward you with great treasure, as I did before, if you succeed in getting there alive.". Beowulf is loyal to his family honor, his homeland, his king, and his men, making loyalty a powerful motivating force for this man who puts others' needs before his own. I am Hrothgar's servant and herald. Lines 2860-2861: Following the death of Beowulf, the loyal Wiglar rebukes the other Gear lords for their lack of courage. Here, with great ceremony, he dispensed lavish gifts to young and old, thus giving thanks for his own victories and prosperity. In Beowulf, …show more content… Beowulf, the distinct hero in this epic poem, was adorned by many, was a strong and very loyal character, and could do what a normal man could not. This continues for twelve years, until Beowulf, a young warrior of the Geats in southern Sweden, hears about Grendel and, determined to fight the monster, sails to Hrothgar's lands with fifteen companions. On the second day the sailors caught sight of gleaming cliffs and broad headlands. They built a wall around the fire's ashes, the famous Warrior's Beacon. Never have I seen a band of warriors try to land here more openly than you have done. Furthermore, he gave him seven thousand hides of land and a hall. Accompanied by a troop of warriors they followed the foe's tracks over steep and rocky slopes, over sheer cliffs, and past many a sea-monster's haunt. The old man jumped up, thanking God for Beowulf's words. Now the time has come when their loyalty will be tested, Wiglaf declares, and he goes by himself to assist his lord. Rejoicing, the warrior threw down a token of his victory: the whole claw and arm of Grendel. Audio previews, convenient categories and excellent search functionality make LoyalBooks.com your best source for free audio books. Hrothgar, who knew Beowulf's father Ecgtheow, accepts Beowulf's offer to fight Grendel and gives him a feast, though Beowulf and Unferth, a warrior loyal to Hrothgar, exchange insults. Occasionally a deviation has been made, but always for what seemed good and sufficient … Recognized AKC Breeders of Merit, we have been raising and showing quality Great Danes for show, performance and companionship, in Northern California, under the Davishire Danes kennel name, since 1997. Who's Beowulf Beowulf is the son of "a noble warrior-lord named Ecgtheow"(263). He also told everything that he had heard of the mighty Sigemund, the son of Wælsing [Volsung], including exploits of which the son of men knew nothing, save Fitala [Sinfiötli], his nephew and comrade. Woe unto him who thus rejects the Lord. An analysis of the epic of Beowulf cannot be complete without analyzing Beowulf's Death. Wiglaf then attacks the traitors verbally and tells them they cannot share in the treasure and that they must face their shame. His ringed armor protected him, and she did him no harm, but she did drag him into her dwelling. The Geatish people made a mound upon the cliff. He decided to help Hrothgar’s kingdom although Grendel was not his problem. Grendel returns to the fens to die. Hrothgar, who knew Beowulf's father Ecgtheow, accepts Beowulf's offer to fight Grendel and gives him a feast, though Beowulf and Unferth, a warrior loyal to Hrothgar, exchange insults. Beowulf is an epic tale that continues to fire the imaginations of readers a millennium after it was written. You may come inside to Hrothgar, wearing your armor and helmets, but leave your spears outside until after you have spoken." Waving his spear he challenged them with these words: "What warriors are you, sailing your great ship along the ocean-paths? That is no coward's way. Driven by the wind, the ship sped across the waves. At home I have accepted my fate. Only one of them came to his lord's aid. Since it was first translated into modern English in the 19th century, Beowulf has become by far the best-known piece of Anglo-Saxon literature. I must follow them.". Before long the battle-dodgers abandoned the wood, the ones who had let down their lord earlier, the tail-turners, ten of them together. I shall help you!". ... loyal & courageous. I will reveal my errand to the son of Healfdene, your great king, if you will take us to him. Beowulf answered: "Unferth, my friend, in your drunkenness you have said much about my adventure with Breca. I have heard tell how Hrothgar had a great mead-hall built. Moreover, seafarers have reported here that Beowulf is strong in battle. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. ", Beowulf answered: "We are table-companions of Hygelac. As known today, this poem survives in a single manuscript, written by two different scribes in about 1000 A.D. Thus the Geatish people mourned their fallen lord. Its guard was of shining gold, graven correctly with runic letters and brightly adorned with snakes. She fought back fiercely, causing him to stumble and fall. Beowulf proves his loyalty to the Danish king by traveling from Geatland to defeat the horrifying beast Grendel in the halls of Heorot. Seek out this savage and cheerless spot, if you dare. His father was called Ecgtheow, and he has come as a loyal friend. They call their chieftain Beowulf. This wretched being, along with monsters, elves, sea-beasts, and giants, was a descendent of Cain, whom the Lord had banished from mankind for the slaying of Abel. Then he named him prince and successor to his own throne. Beowulf would always be remembered for his courage, and he received the glory that he always wanted. Within the mound they put the rings, jewels, and adornments that the warriors had taken from the hoard. Primarily, loyalty lies at the root of Anglo-Saxon culture. An evil monster dragged me to the bottom, but I was able to stab the creature with the point of my sword, and then dispatched him with my hand.". Accompanied by his kinsman Wiglaf, ten warriors, and the thief, Beowulf sets out to confront the dragon. Beowulf was composed by an unnamed English poet sometime between about 700 A.D. and 800 A.D. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Teachers and parents! Beowulf and his men hurried onward. In Beowulf's old age, a thief finds a passageway into an old barrow. Beowulf, intent on glory, drove his sword Naegling into the dragon's head. The serpent's flaming breath burned Wiglaf's shield to ashes, so the young warrior was forced to seek refuge behind his kinsman's shield. Hearing these words, the dragon attacked a second time. Fate has taken away all my kinsmen. Approximately, I repeat; for a very close reproduction of Anglo-Saxon verse would, to a large extent, be prose to a modern ear.. In the morning, the warriors follow her tracks to her lake, where they see Aeschere's head. With rejoicing the warrior returned to Heorot and to a great celebration. Not long afterward the hall's merriment was brought to an end by a grim foe named Grendel, who haunted marshes and moors, fens and heath. Beowulf enters the lake, and swims for hours before reaching her cave at the bottom. Inside, a dragon guards a treasure trove left there long ago by the last survivor of an extinct people. Please see image 2. "Beloved Beowulf," he said, "in your youth you swore that you would not let your fame decline as long as you lived. The blade failed to penetrate. Bewulfs Loyalty to Hrothgar Beowulfs Loyalty to Hrothgar Beowulf "ordered a boat that would ply the waves" (198-199). One of the greatest among ancient treasures, its iron blade was stained with poison and hardened with the blood of battle. Beowulf is a poem that represents loyalty.Beowulf’s author was an unknown Anglo-Saxon poet. In his daring exploits he was by far the most famed of adventurers among the nations. He was a man of noble spirit! Neither of us could gain an advantage over the other one, and thus we swam together for five nights, until finally the cold waves drove us apart. Courage, bravery and the will to fight were considered basic norms of that heroic code. Hrothgar is the King of the Danes in southern Denmark. why is wiglaf fighting the dragon? Furthermore, I have learned that Grendel, the giant monster, has no fear of weapons, so I will fight him with my bare hands, without sword or shield. Finally he regained his feet. The quality of loyalty can be portrayed through strength and true servitude. Free audio books in genre Adventure that you can download in mp3, iPod and iTunes format for your portable audio player. There are many examples of loyalty in Beowulf. With these words Beowulf presented to King Hrothgar the hilt, the ancient work of giants, created before the flood destroyed the giant race. A messenger sent to tell the Geats of Beowulf's death also warns of hard times for the Geats, now that Beowulf is dead. Sigemund's great fame carried forth beyond his death, for he had slain the dragon who kept guard over the treasure. Many of the grief-stricken Danes, seeing no other source of help, returned to their old heathen faith. Beowulf is a warrior who stands against anything to prove his strength. ecgtheow. Following his wishes, his body was placed on a well-outfitted ship, laden with treasures and weapons. The harbor guard, who had long looked out to sea for his beloved countrymen, moored their ship with ropes, securing it from the waves. Beowulf strikes the dragon in the head with his great sword Naegling, but the sword snaps and breaks. His arm is hung as a trophy under the roof of Heorot. King Hygelac responded by presenting to Beowulf Hrethel's sword, a famous heirloom. With kind thanks he returned the sword Hrunting to Unferth, generously praising the ancient weapon. This first appearance of Beowulf in the poem shows him to be a worthy representative of that code. The term “loyalty” basically means to swear allegiance to a person, place, or thing. The earth quaked, and the serpent appeared. Heorot, once the symbol of the Scyldings' greatness, is now a place of shame and terror. Wiglaf addressed the traitors: "You stand there wearing chainmail and carrying the finest arms, all given to you by our king, but in his hour of distress, you all abandoned him. The gray-haired king rejoiced in these words; he trusted in Beowulf for help. One of the king's thanes who knew old tales without number, cleverly composed a new story, a truthful tale, narrating Beowulf's adventure. Seafarers report that this great hall is useless for all men after nightfall. Drenched in blood, it melted away like an icicle at winter's end.